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| Figure 1: Power/VSWR meter using ИН-13 neon bar-graph indicators. Click on the image for a larger version |
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| Figure 2: ИН-13 tubes in the raw. It is up to the constructor to determine how best to mount these tubes - and how to connect them to the circuit. Figure 3 shows how flexible wires were attached as the wires on the tubes themselves are very easily broken! Click on the image for a larger version. |
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| Figure 3: Close-up of the "hot-glue" covered wire attachments for the ИН-13 tubes. Also visible are the black wire loops holding them in place and the laser-edged markings on the acrylic. Click on the image for a larger version. |
In looking at Figure 1 and 3 you will also notice that there are scales indicating the function and showing scale graduations and the associated numerical values. I'm fortunate to have a friend (also an amateur radio operator) who has a high-power laser cutter and it was easy to lay out the precise dimensions of the acrylic sheets and also have it cut the holes for the mounting screws in the corners as well.
While it takes a bit of laser power to cut the sheets, a far lower power setting will ablate the surface, yielding a result not unlike surface engraving and when lit from the edges, these ablations will light up with the rest of the sheet remaining pretty dark: A total of four sheets were cut and "engraved" in this way: The front sheet for "VSWR" and its markings, the middle sheet for "Reverse Power" and the rear acrylic sheet for "Forward Power". It was possible to arrange the lettering so that only "VSWR" and "Reverse Power" were atop each other but in subdued light - and with a bit of darkened plastic in front of the display - the markings on the un-lit sheet are practically invisible. The fourth sheet mentioned was left blank, being the protective cover.
Edge lighting
Edge-lit displays go back decades - and the idea likely goes back centuries where it was observed that imperfections in glass (later, plastic) would be visible if the substrate was illuminated from the edge. Since the early-mid 20th century, one could find a number of edge-lit indicators - usually in some sort of test equipment of industrial displays - but they occasionally showed up in the consumer market - usually acrylic or similar with the markings engraved with a rotary tool or - as may be done nowadays, a laser.
While incandescent lamps would have been used in the past, LEDs are the obvious choice these days and for this I selected some "high brightness" LEDs to light the edges of the engraved acrylic sheets. For the "Forward Power" sheet - which would be that which was always illuminated in use - I chose white while using Green for VSWR and Blue for Reverse Power. I'd considered Yellow and Red, but discarded the former as it might appear too much light the white under some conditions and past experience has reminded me that - particularly in a dark room - the human eye can't see or focus on fine detail on red objects very easily.
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| Figure 4: Six LEDs are epoxied to the edge to evenly light the laser- etched markings in the acrylic sheet. The faces of the LEDs were filed flat to facilitate bonding and improve efficiency. Click on the image for a larger version. |
Figure 4 shows some details as to how the edge lighting is accomplished. Six equally-spaced LEDs were epoxied to the bottom edge of the display, arranged to be nearly the width of the engraved text. In writing this entry I observed that photographing edge-lit displays such as this is nearly impossible owing to the variations in illumination (e.g. it's difficult to take pictures of very bright objects in the dark!) but the effect is very even as viewed by the human eye.
The six LEDs were connected as two series strings of three LEDs: As each LED requires about three volts - and I have only a 12 volt power source - doing so requires only a bit more than nine volts to power the LED arrays. As the green and white LEDs are also silicon nitride based as well, they take similar voltages.
Not readily apparent from Figure 4 is the fact that the LEDs were modified slightly. As we are trying to interface a standard T1-3/4 LED to the flat edge of a plastic sheet, it's apparent that the rounded, focused lens makes this physically difficult. To mitigate this, the top of the LED was flattened with a file and the clear epoxy was removed to just above the light emitting die. The result of this is that a flat surface is mated to another flat surface for a physically stronger bond and a more efficient coupling of light and a bit of the LED's original directivity in the form of the "lens" is removed from the equation.
Just prior to mounting the acrylic sheets in the "stack up" some black electrical tape was applied. This tape was put on both sides of the sheet, extending just above the bottom edge, to reduce the glare from the LEDs and to minimize the possibility of this light coupling into the adjacent sheet.
Mounting the tubes and sheets
As can be seen from Figure 3, the tubes are held in place with loop of solid-core insulated wire - the holes mounting them also "drilled" with the laser. The "stack-up" of acrylic sheets and the tubes - both of which were mounted on "VSWR" acrylic layer - is held together using 6-32 brass machine screws and spacers with a piece of 1/4" (5.2mm) plywood covered with black felt for the back to provide contrast.
The box and base
As can be seen from figure 1, the entire unit is in a wooden base: The same friend with the laser cutter also had some scraps of red oak and a simple base was made, decorated with an ogee cut around the perimeter with the router while atop it a simple box with mitered corners - facing at a slight upward angle - in which the display and electronics reside. On the base itself are two buttons: One switches between VSWR and Reverse Power and the other between peak and average readings. These switches have other functions as well, which will be discussed in the third installment when the final circuit and internal workings of the software is discussed.
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This page stolen from ka7oei.blogspot.com
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